Electric Vehicle Servicing: What You Need to Know
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly common on UK roads as we move toward a more sustainable future. With the government's plan to ban new petrol and diesel vehicles by 2030, many drivers are making the switch to electric. But while EVs share some components with traditional vehicles, their maintenance requirements differ significantly. As an EV specialist at MipsKalaute, I've compiled this guide to help EV owners understand what's involved in keeping their electric vehicles in optimal condition.
How Electric Vehicles Differ from Conventional Cars
Before diving into maintenance specifics, it's helpful to understand the fundamental differences between EVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles:
- Fewer moving parts: EVs have significantly fewer moving components than traditional vehicles, which means fewer mechanical parts that can wear out or fail.
- No traditional engine: Instead of an internal combustion engine, EVs use an electric motor (or multiple motors) powered by a battery pack.
- No traditional transmission: Most EVs use a single-speed transmission rather than the complex multi-gear transmissions found in conventional vehicles.
- Regenerative braking: EVs recover energy during braking, which means less wear on brake components.
- High-voltage systems: EVs operate on high-voltage electrical systems that require specialized knowledge and safety procedures for servicing.
Essential Maintenance for Electric Vehicles
1. Battery Care and Maintenance
The battery is the heart of an electric vehicle and typically the most expensive component. Proper care is essential for maximizing performance and longevity.
Key Battery Maintenance Considerations:
- Temperature management: Extreme temperatures can affect battery performance and longevity. Try to park in shaded or garage spaces when possible, especially during extreme weather.
- Charging habits: For most modern EVs, keeping the battery between 20% and 80% charged for daily use can help extend battery life. Only charge to 100% when you need the full range.
- Regular health checks: While owners can't directly service the battery, professional diagnostics can identify potential issues before they become serious problems.
- Software updates: These often include battery management system improvements that can optimize performance and longevity.
Professional Service Includes:
- Battery pack inspection and diagnostics
- Thermal management system checks
- Battery connection integrity verification
- Cooling system inspection and service
2. Braking System
One surprising aspect of EV ownership is that brake pads and discs often last significantly longer than in conventional vehicles, thanks to regenerative braking. However, this doesn't mean the braking system can be ignored.
Brake System Maintenance:
- Regular inspection: Despite reduced wear, brake components should still be inspected annually.
- Brake fluid: EVs still use hydraulic brake fluid, which absorbs moisture over time and needs replacement every 2-3 years.
- Caliper maintenance: Because EVs use traditional brakes less frequently, brake calipers can seize if not exercised regularly. Occasional harder braking (when safe) can help prevent this.
Professional Service Includes:
- Brake pad and disc inspection
- Brake fluid testing and replacement
- Caliper function testing and lubrication
- Regenerative braking system diagnostics
3. Cooling Systems
Unlike the single cooling system in conventional vehicles, many EVs have multiple cooling systems for the battery, motor, and power electronics.
Cooling System Maintenance:
- Coolant checks: EV cooling systems use specialized coolants that need regular inspection and eventual replacement.
- Radiator and cooling passages: These need to be kept clear of debris to ensure optimal cooling.
- Hoses and connections: As in any vehicle, these components can deteriorate over time and should be regularly inspected.
Professional Service Includes:
- Coolant level and condition checks
- System pressure testing
- Cooling system component inspection
- Coolant replacement according to manufacturer schedule
4. Tyres
Tyres on EVs often experience more wear than those on conventional vehicles due to the instant torque delivery and the additional weight of the battery pack.
Tyre Maintenance:
- Pressure checks: Proper inflation is even more critical for EVs as it directly affects range. Check pressures at least monthly.
- Rotation: Regular rotation helps ensure even wear and maximum tyre life.
- Alignment: EV batteries are heavy, and proper alignment helps prevent uneven tyre wear.
- EV-specific tyres: Consider tyres designed specifically for EVs, which offer lower rolling resistance for better range and are constructed to handle the additional weight and torque.
Professional Service Includes:
- Tyre wear inspection
- Rotation and balancing
- Alignment checks and adjustment
- EV-specific tyre recommendations
5. High-Voltage Electrical System
EVs operate with high-voltage systems that require specialized knowledge and safety equipment to service properly.
High-Voltage System Considerations:
- Safety first: Never attempt to service high-voltage components yourself. These should only be handled by certified technicians with proper training and equipment.
- Orange cables: Components connected with orange cables in EVs are high-voltage and potentially dangerous.
- Regular inspections: Professional examination of high-voltage connections and insulation integrity is essential.
Professional Service Includes:
- Insulation resistance testing
- Connection security verification
- Charging system diagnostics
- Power delivery component inspection
6. Cabin Air Filtration
With no engine air intake requirements, EVs often feature enhanced cabin air filtration systems that need regular maintenance.
Cabin Filter Maintenance:
- Regular replacement: Cabin air filters should be replaced approximately every 15,000-25,000 miles or annually.
- HEPA filters: Some premium EVs feature HEPA filtration, which may have different maintenance requirements.
Professional Service Includes:
- Filter inspection and replacement
- HVAC system performance check
EV Servicing Schedules
While EVs generally require less frequent maintenance than conventional vehicles, they still benefit from regular servicing. Most manufacturers recommend:
- Annual inspection/service: Covers safety systems, fluid levels, software updates, and general condition checks.
- 2-year service: More comprehensive inspection including brake fluid replacement and cooling system checks.
- Manufacturer-specific intervals: Some components have unique service intervals based on the specific vehicle model.
Always refer to your owner's manual for the manufacturer's recommended service schedule for your specific EV model.
Finding Qualified EV Service Providers
Not all service centres are equipped or trained to work on electric vehicles. When selecting a service provider, ensure they:
- Have technicians with specific EV certification and training
- Possess the specialized diagnostic equipment required for EVs
- Have experience with your specific make and model
- Follow proper safety protocols for high-voltage systems
- Can perform software updates if required
The Importance of Software Updates
Unlike conventional vehicles, EVs often receive significant performance and feature improvements through software updates. These updates can:
- Improve range and efficiency
- Enhance charging speed and battery management
- Add new features and functionality
- Resolve known issues or bugs
- Improve safety systems
Some updates are delivered "over the air" while others may require a visit to a service centre. Keeping your EV's software current is an important aspect of maintenance.
DIY Maintenance for EV Owners
While many EV components require professional service, there are several maintenance tasks owners can perform:
- Tyre pressure checks: Regular monitoring and adjustment
- Windscreen washer fluid: Regular topping up
- Wiper blade inspection and replacement: Check for wear and replace as needed
- Cabin filter replacement: Many models allow for DIY filter changes
- Keep the vehicle clean: Regular washing helps prevent corrosion
- Check for software updates: If your vehicle supports it, ensure you're running the latest software
While electric vehicles generally require less maintenance than their internal combustion counterparts, they still need regular care to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity. Understanding the unique maintenance requirements of your EV can help you plan for service needs and identify potential issues early.
At MipsKalaute, our team of certified EV specialists is equipped with the latest diagnostic tools and training to provide comprehensive care for all electric vehicle makes and models. Whether you're new to EV ownership or looking for a service provider who understands the unique needs of electric vehicles, we're here to help keep your EV running at its best.
